"Flu" redirects here. For other uses, see Flu (disambiguation).
"Grippe" redirects here. For other uses, see Grippe (disambiguation).

Influenza
Classification and external resources

TEM of negatively stained influenza virions, magnified approximately 100,000 times
ICD-10 J10, J11
ICD-9 487
DiseasesDB 6791
MedlinePlus 000080
eMedicine med/1170 ped/3006
MeSH D007251

Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses. The most common symptoms are chills, fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache (often severe), coughing, weakness/fatigue and general discomfort. Although it is often confused with other influenza-like illnesses, especially the common cold, influenza is a more severe disease caused by a different type of virus. Influenza may produce nausea and vomiting, particularly in children,but these symptoms are more common in the unrelated gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as "stomach flu" or "24-hour flu".

Flu can occasionally lead to pneumonia, either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia, even for persons who are usually very healthy. In particular it is a warning sign if a child (or presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with a high fever as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.Another warning sign is if the person starts to have trouble breathing.

Typically, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Airborne aerosols have been thought to cause most infections, although which means of transmission is most important is not absolutely clear. Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents. As the virus can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection.

Influenza spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, resulting in about three to five million yearly cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 yearly deaths, rising to millions in some pandemic years. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred, each caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans, and killed tens of millions of people. Often, new influenza strains appear when an existing flu virus spreads to humans from another animal species, or when an existing human strain picks up new genes from a virus that usually infects birds or pigs. An avian strain named H5N1 raised the concern of a new influenza pandemic after it emerged in Asia in the 1990s, but it has not evolved to a form that spreads easily between people. In April 2009 a novel flu strain evolved that combined genes from human, pig, and bird flu. Initially dubbed "swine flu" and also known as influenza A/H1N1, it emerged in Mexico, the United States, and several other nations. The World Health Organization officially declared the outbreak to be a pandemic on 11 June 2009 (see 2009 flu pandemic). The WHO's declaration of a pandemic level 6 was an indication of spread, not severity, the strain actually having a lower mortality rate than common flu outbreaks.

Vaccinations against influenza are usually made available to people in developed countries. Farmed poultry is often vaccinated to avoid decimation of the flocks. The most common human vaccine is the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) that contains purified and inactivated antigens from three viral strains. Typically, this vaccine includes material from two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus strain The TIV carries no risk of transmitting the disease. A vaccine formulated for one year may be ineffective in the following year, since the influenza virus evolves rapidly, and new strains quickly replace the older ones. Antiviral drugs such as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu) have been used to treat influenza; however, their effectiveness is difficult to determine due to much of the data remaining unpublished.

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo) is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs ("chemotherapeutic agents") as part of a standardized regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent or it may aim to prolong life or to palliate symptoms. It is often used in conjunction with other cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy or surgery. Certain chemotherapeutic agents also have a role in the treatment of other conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma.

Traditional chemotherapeutic agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly, one of the main properties of most cancer cells. This means that chemotherapy also harms cells that divide rapidly under normal circumstances: cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles. This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy: myelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells, hence also immunosuppression), mucositis (inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract), and alopecia (hair loss).

Some newer anticancer drugs (for example, various monoclonal antibodies) are not indiscriminately cytotoxic, but rather target proteins that are abnormally expressed in cancer cells and that are essential for their growth. Such treatments are often referred to as targeted therapy (as distinct from classic chemotherapy) and are often used alongside traditional chemotherapeutic agents in antineoplastic treatment regimens.

An older and broader usage of the word chemotherapy encompassed any chemical treatment of disease (for example, treatment of infections with antimicrobial agents). However, this usage has become archaic.


The term chemotherapy

The word "chemotherapy" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader. The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics (antibacterial chemotherapy). The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis. This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin. Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.[citation needed]

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its incidence increases with age. Although AML is a relatively rare disease, accounting for approximately 1.2% of cancer deaths in the United States, its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages.

The symptoms of AML are caused by replacement of normal bone marrow with leukemic cells, which causes a drop in red blood cells, platelets, and normal white blood cells. These symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. Several risk factors and chromosomal abnormalities have been identified, but the specific cause is not clear. As an acute leukemia, AML progresses rapidly and is typically fatal within weeks or months if left untreated.
AML has several subtypes; treatment and prognosis varies among subtypes. Five-year survival varies from 15–70%, and relapse rate varies from 33–78%, depending on subtype. AML is treated initially with chemotherapy aimed at inducing a remission; patients may go on to receive additional chemotherapy or a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Recent research into the genetics of AML has resulted in the availability of tests that can predict which drug or drugs may work best for a particular patient, as well as how long that patient is likely to survive.

Signs and symptoms

Most signs and symptoms of AML are caused by the replacement of normal blood cells with leukemic cells. A lack of normal white blood cell production makes the patient susceptible to infections; while the leukemic cells themselves are derived from white blood cell precursors, they have no infection-fighting capacity. A drop in red blood cell count (anemia) can cause fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath. A lack of platelets can lead to easy bruising or bleeding with minor trauma.

The early signs of AML are often vague and nonspecific, and may be similar to those of influenza or other common illnesses. Some generalized symptoms include fever, fatigue, weight loss or loss of appetite, shortness of breath, anemia, easy bruising or bleeding, petechiae (flat, pin-head sized spots under the skin caused by bleeding), bone and joint pain, and persistent or frequent infections.
Enlargement of the spleen may occur in AML, but it is typically mild and asymptomatic. Lymph node swelling is rare in AML, in contrast to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The skin is involved about 10% of the time in the form of leukemia cutis. Rarely, Sweet's syndrome, a paraneoplastic inflammation of the skin, can occur with AML.

Some patients with AML may experience swelling of the gums because of infiltration of leukemic cells into the gum tissue. Rarely, the first sign of leukemia may be the development of a solid leukemic mass or tumor outside of the bone marrow, called a chloroma. Occasionally, a person may show no symptoms, and the leukemia may be discovered incidentally during a routine blood test.

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood. Leukemia begins when normal blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in the body’s immune system. It is the most common type of childhood cancer.

About lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow, the spongy, red tissue in the inner part of the large bones. Lymphocytes are found in the blood, lymph nodes, and spleen. Healthy lymphocytes fight bacterial and viral infections. In people with ALL, new lymphocytes do not develop into mature cells, but stay as immature cells called lymphoblasts.

About ALL

When a child has ALL, the lymphoblasts fill the bone marrow and crowd out other normal cells, preventing the production of red blood cells (cells that carry oxygen to tissues), many other types of normal white blood cells (cells that fight infection), and platelets (cells that help blood to clot). If the bone marrow is not functioning correctly, the child may experience anemia, easy bruising, bleeding, or infection.

Anemia is from too few red blood cells. Anemia can lead to fatigue, irritability, sleepiness, paleness, shortness of breath, and a rapid heartbeat.
Bruising or bleeding from injuries may occur more easily because the blood cannot clot normally when the platelet count is low.
Infection may occur more often if the blood has too few normal white blood cells. Many types of white blood cells are needed to fight infections caused by different germs. 
The leukemic lymphoblasts may also collect in the child’s lymph nodes and cause them to swell. Lymphoblasts may also spread to other organs, including the skin, liver, spleen, ovaries (in girls), testicles (in boys), and the spinal fluid.


Anatomy
Childhood ALL originates in the T- and B-lymphoblasts in the bone marrow (see Figure ).

This section is about ALL in children, sometimes called childhood ALL or pediatric ALL. Learn more about acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults.

Weakness and fatigue are terms that are often used as if they mean the same thing, but in fact they describe two different sensations. It is important to know exactly what you mean when you say "I feel weak" or "I am fatigued" because it can help you and your doctor narrow down the possible causes of your symptoms.

Weakness is a lack of physical or muscle strength and the feeling that extra effort is required to move your arms, legs, or other muscles. If muscle weakness is the result of pain, the person may be able to make muscles work, but it will hurt.
Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion or a need to rest because of lack of energy or strength. Fatigue may result from overwork, poor sleep, worry, boredom, or lack of exercise. It is a symptom that may be caused by illness, medicine, or medical treatment such as chemotherapy. Anxiety or depression can also cause fatigue.
Both weakness and fatigue are symptoms, not diseases. Because these symptoms can be caused by many other health problems, the importance of weakness and fatigue can only be determined when other symptoms are evaluated.

Weakness
General weakness often occurs after you have done too much activity at one time, such as by taking an extra-long hike. You may feel weak and tired, or your muscles may be sore. These sensations usually go away within a few days.

In rare cases, generalized muscle weakness may be caused by another health problem, such as:

Problems with the thyroid gland, which regulates the way the body uses energy.
A low thyroid level (hypothyroidism) can cause fatigue, weakness, lethargy, weight gain, depression, memory problems, constipation, dry skin, intolerance to cold, coarse and thinning hair, brittle nails, or a yellowish tint to the skin.
A high thyroid level (hyperthyroidism) can cause fatigue, weight loss, increased heart rate, intolerance to heat, sweating, irritability, anxiety, muscle weakness, and thyroid enlargement.
Guillain-Barr syndrome, a rare nerve disorder that causes weakness in the legs, arms, and other muscles and that can progress to complete paralysis.
Myasthenia gravis, a rare, chronic disorder that causes weakness and rapid muscle fatigue.
A problem with the minerals (electrolytes) found naturally in the body, such as low levels of potassium or sodium.
Muscle weakness that is slowly getting worse requires a visit to a doctor.

Sudden muscle weakness and loss of function in one area of the body can indicate a serious problem within the brain (such as a stroke or transient ischemic attack) or spinal cord  or with a specific nerve in the body.

Fatigue
Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness, exhaustion, or lack of energy. You may feel mildly fatigued because of overwork, poor sleep, worry, boredom, or lack of exercise. Any illness, such as a cold or the flu, may cause fatigue, which usually goes away as the illness clears up. Most of the time, mild fatigue occurs with a health problem that will improve with home treatment and does not require a visit to a doctor.

Radiation therapy treats cancer by using high energy to kill tumor cells. The goal is to kill or damage cancer cells without hurting healthy cells.

Different people have different side effects with radiation. You may have little or only mild side effects from your treatment; someone else may have many or very severe side effects. Unfortunately, it's impossible to predict who will have what side effects. In addition, the specific side effects you may have depend on the type of radiation being used, the dose of radiation, the area of the body that's being targeted, and the state of your health.

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Radiation therapy is led by a radiation oncologist. That's a doctor who specializes in radiation medicine. If you are being treated with radiation, it's important to talk with the doctor about possible side effects and ways to cope with them if they occur. Keeping your health team informed about what you experience during treatment makes it easier to manage the side effects. Here is information you can use to help you have those discussions.

How Soon Might Someone Have Side Effects From Radiation Therapy?

There are actually two kinds of side effects from radiation therapy -- early and late. Early side effects, such as nausea or fatigue, are usually temporary. They develop during or right after treatment and last for several weeks after treatment ends, but then improve. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to develop and are often permanent when they do.

The most common early side effects from radiation therapy are fatigue and skin problems. Other early side effects such as hair loss and nausea are typically specific to the site being treated.

What Can I Do About Fatigue That Results From Radiation Therapy?

The fatigue you feel from having cancer and receiving radiation therapy can be overwhelming and keep you from doing the things you normally do, such as going to work or spending time with family and friends. It's also unpredictable and can seem different from day to day, which makes it hard to plan around it. It can even interfere with how well you're able to follow your cancer treatment plan.


Sometimes, doctors can discover other causes for the fatigue. When they do, the cause can be treated. There are things you can do to make fatigue less disabling:

Take care of your health. The level of fatigue you feel is often related to the condition of your health at the time of treatment. Review with your doctor how well you are following your treatment plan not just for cancer but for other health conditions you may have. Be sure you're taking your medications the way you're supposed to. Get plenty of rest, increase your level of physical activity, and continue to eat a nutritious diet.
Work with a counselor or take a class offered at your cancer treatment center to learn ways to conserve energy, reduce stress, and use distraction to not focus on the fatigue.
Prioritize your regular activities so you can do the ones that are most important to you first when you feel less fatigued.
Maintain a balance between rest and activities. Too much bed rest can make you more fatigued. But don't over-schedule your activities without allowing time to rest.
Talk with your family and friends and ask for their help. If fatigue is interfering with your job, discuss your situation with your employer and ask about taking some time off from work or making adjustments in your schedule.
Keep in mind that the fatigue related to radiation therapy will most likely be temporary and will pass several weeks after your radiation treatment ends.

What is chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy (also called chemo) is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.

How does chemotherapy work?

Chemotherapy works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly. But it can also harm healthy cells that divide quickly, such as those that line your mouth and intestines or cause your hair to grow. Damage to healthy cells may cause side effects. Often, side effects get better or go away after chemotherapy is over.

What does chemotherapy do?

Depending on your type of cancer and how advanced it is, chemotherapy can:

Cure cancer - when chemotherapy destroys cancer cells to the point that your doctor can no longer detect them in your body and they will not grow back.

Control cancer - when chemotherapy keeps cancer from spreading, slows its growth, or destroys cancer cells that have spread to other parts of your body.

Ease cancer symptoms (also called palliative care) - when chemotherapy shrinks tumors that are causing pain or pressure.
How is chemotherapy used?

Sometimes, chemotherapy is used as the only cancer treatment. But more often, you will get chemotherapy along with surgery, radiation therapy, or biological therapy. Chemotherapy can:

Make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy. This is called neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Destroy cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiation therapy. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy.

Help radiation therapy and biological therapy work better.

Destroy cancer cells that have come back (recurrent cancer) or spread to other parts of your body (metastatic cancer).

How does my doctor decide which chemotherapy drugs to use?

This choice depends on:

The type of cancer you have. Some types of chemotherapy drugs are used for many types of cancer. Other drugs are used for just one or two types of cancer.

Whether you have had chemotherapy before

Whether you have other health problems, such as diabetes or heart disease
Where do I go for chemotherapy?

You may receive chemotherapy during a hospital stay, at home, or in a doctor's office, clinic, or outpatient unit in a hospital (which means you do not have to stay overnight). No matter where you go for chemotherapy, your doctor and nurse will watch for side effects and make any needed drug changes.

How often will I receive chemotherapy?

Treatment schedules for chemotherapy vary widely. How often and how long you get chemotherapy depends on:

Your type of cancer and how advanced it is

The goals of treatment (whether chemotherapy is used to cure your cancer, control its growth, or ease the symptoms)

The type of chemotherapy

How your body reacts to chemotherapy
You may receive chemotherapy in cycles. A cycle is a period of chemotherapy treatment followed by a period of rest. For instance, you might receive 1 week of chemotherapy followed by 3 weeks of rest. These 4 weeks make up one cycle. The rest period gives your body a chance to build new healthy cells.

What Is Leukemia?

Leukemia is an abnormal rise in the number of white blood cells. The white blood cells crowd out other blood cell elements such as red blood cells and platelets. The elevated white blood cells are immature and do not function properly.

Leukemia -- the term derives from the Greek words for "white" and "blood" -- is often considered a disease of children, yet it actually affects far more adults. It is more common in men than women and in Caucasians than African-Americans. There will be 47,150 new patients diagnosed with all forms of leukemia in the United States in 2012 with 23,540 deaths due to leukemia in 2012.

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Blood has three types of cells: white blood cells that fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen, and platelets that help blood to clot, all suspended in its liquid plasma. Every day, hundreds of billions of new blood cells are produced in the bone marrow -- most of them red cells. In people with leukemia, however, the body starts producing more white cells than it needs. Many of the extra white cells do not mature normally, yet they tend to live well beyond their normal life span.

Despite their vast numbers, these leukemia cells are unable to fight infection the way normal white blood cells do. As they accumulate, they interfere with vital organ functions, including the production of healthy blood cells. Eventually, the body does not have enough red blood cells to supply oxygen, enough platelets to ensure proper clotting, or enough normal white blood cells to fight infection. This results in persons with leukemia being anemic as well as increasing their risks of bruising, bleeding, and infection.

Cases of leukemia are classified as acute or chronic. The cells in acute leukemia start multiplying before they develop beyond their immature stage. Chronic leukemia progress more slowly, with the leukemia cells developing to full maturity. Leukemia is further classified according to the type of white blood cell involved, most commonly myeloid or lymphoid. Under a microscope, the two main types of white blood cells are easily distinguishable as myeloid cells contain tiny particles or granules; lymphoid cells usually do not.


What Causes Leukemia?

No one knows exactly what causes leukemia. Certain chromosome abnormalities have been associated with leukemia, but they do not cause it. For example, virtually all people with CML and some with ALL have an abnormal chromosome known as the Philadelphia Chromosome in their white blood cells and bone marrow. As with other leukemia types, the chromosome abnormality is an acquired abnormality; it is neither inherited nor passed on to one's children.

Genetic disorders associated with acute myeloid leukemia include Down syndrome , Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, or immune deficiency disorders such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and ataxia-telangectasia. In addition, at least one virus in the same family as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with a rare form of the disease. This is the HTLV-1 virus.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer. Also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoid leukemia, it is the least common type of leukemia in adults. Here's what you need to know about symptoms, prognosis, survival rates, and treatment for ALL.

What Is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

ALL is a type of leukemia that starts from white blood cells in the bone marrow, the soft inner part of bones. It develops from cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell central to the immune system, or from lymphoblasts, an immature type of lymphocyte.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia invades the blood and can spread throughout the body to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. But it does not normally produce tumors as do many types of cancer. It is an acute type of leukemia, which means it can progress quickly. Without treatment, it can be fatal within a few months.

The outlook for acute lymphoblastic leukemia depends on factors such as:

Your age. Younger patients tend to have a better outlook.
Your lab test results. For example, your outlook is better if you have a lower white blood count when you're diagnosed.
Your subtype of ALL (B-cell ALL or T-cell ALL)
Whether or not you have a chromosome abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. Having it suggests a poorer prognosis.
Your response to chemotherapy. Your outlook is better if you have no evidence of leukemia four to five weeks after starting treatment. 



Risk Factors for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

For most people, the cause of ALL is unknown. For this reason, there is no known way to prevent it. However, there are a few known risk factors for this type of leukemia. This means these factors may increase your chances of getting acute lymphoblastic leukemia. But it is not yet known whether these risk factors are actual causes of the disease:

Exposure to high levels of radiation to treat other types of cancer
Exposure to certain chemicals such as benzene, a solvent used in oil refineries and other industries and present in cigarette smoke, certain cleaning products, detergents, and paint strippers
Infection with human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) in rarer cases outside the U.S. or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a related leukemia more commonly seen in Africa.
Having an inherited genetic syndrome such as Down syndrome
Being white
Being male

Symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

ALL can cause a variety of symptoms. Some of these can be vague and not specific just to leukemia. They include:

Fatigue
Fever
Loss of appetite or weight
Night sweats

Many symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are the result of a shortage of normal blood cells. That's because leukemia cells crowd out these normal cells in the bone marrow.http://blog4cancers.blogspot.in/2013/10/what-to-expect-from-radiation-therapy.html

Cancers types of cancer in us START FROM A types of cancer,Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases.Estimated new cases and deaths from leukemia in the United States in 2009:

Cancer List A to D Cancer List E to K Cancer List L to M Cancer List N to R Cancer List S to Z Cancer List All....

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood

Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult

Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Childhood

AIDS-Related Cancers

AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Anal Cancer

Appendix Cancer

Astrocytomas, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Astrocytomas?)

Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood, Central Nervous System...


B

Basal Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)

Bile Duct Cancer, Extrahepatic

Bladder Cancer

Bladder Cancer, Childhood

Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Adult

Brain Tumor, Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors?)

Brain Tumor, Astrocytomas, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Astrocytomas?)

Brain Tumor, Craniopharyngioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Ependymoblastoma, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors?)

Brain Tumor, Ependymoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Medulloblastoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Medulloepithelioma, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors?)

Brain Tumor, Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation, Childhood

(See What Are Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors?)

Brain Tumor, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastoma, Childhood

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Childhood (Other)

Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer and Pregnancy

Breast Cancer, Childhood

Breast Cancer, Male

Bronchial Tumors, Childhood

Burkitt Lymphoma